Topology optimization and influencing factors of double longitudinal bulkhead VLCC transverse frame

Objectives This study explores topology optimization for lightweight design in Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) double longitudinal bulkhead transverse frames. Methods Using a variable density method, the research minimized structural strain energy while constraining volume fraction. Single and multi-condition topology optimizations were performed. Results The study found that liquid cargo pressure drives the formation of cross-braced structures between longitudinal bulkheads. Key factors influencing the optimized design include longitudinal bulkhead position, which significantly impacts structural form, and mesh size, affecting detailed features. Compartment length also influences the priority of cross-braced structure generation. Conclusions These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing VLCC transverse frame design.