双航行体在串并联形式下的高速斜入水数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation Study on High-Speed Oblique Water Entry of Dual Navigator in Series-Parallel Configurations

  • 摘要: 【目的】为深入研究多超空泡航行体在并联与串联配置下高速倾斜入水时的动力学性能及空泡演化特性,本项研究采用数值模拟方法,对双航行体并联与串联高速斜入水过程进行了系统分析。【方法】利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件Star-CCM+,本研究采用了Realizable k-ε湍流模型来求解雷诺平均方程,并结合了重叠网格技术以精确捕捉流场的特征。同时,采用体积分数法(VOF)与Schnerr-Sauer空腔模型相结合的方法来追踪空泡的演化特性。针对双体航行器在并联与串联配置下,于不同倾角及不同净距条件下进行高速斜入水过程的数值模拟研究,本文深入分析了在不同工况影响下,航行器的速度变化规律、压力载荷分布特征以及空泡形态的演化特性。【结果】数值研究结果表明,对于不同倾角下的并联双航行体,在8~18°能呈现完整的跳弹运动过程;随着入水倾角增大,航行体跳弹现象出现时间也不断延后,空泡外壁压力和空化强度随之提高。对于不同净距下的并联双航行体,当净距为1.2 D时,两航行体空泡与尾迹出现高度融合现象;随着净距增大至3.2 D,空泡演化过程更接近单体入水模式,航行体运动稳定性提高,跳弹现象增强。对于不同倾角下的串联双航行体,首发航行体在8°~18°能发生跳弹现象,8°和13°工况下能完全跃出水面;随着倾角增大,空泡形态从开放性融合细长空泡逐渐过度到两航行体空泡独立发展。对于不同净距下的串联双航行体,35 D是关键临界净距值,超过此值后双航行体间干扰显著减弱,在35D净距之前,次发航行体较早进入首发航行体尾迹区,引发空泡破碎与不稳定;在35D净距之后,两航行体间干扰减弱,次发航行体遇到的流场更稳定,空泡近似单体入水。【结论】双航行体以不同形式高速斜入水时,流场和空泡形态会随之改变,研究结果可为超空泡航行体设计和应用提供一定的理论支持和实践参考。

     

    Abstract: Objectives This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic performance and cavity evolution characteristics of multiple supercavitating vehicles during high-speed oblique water entry in both parallel and series configurations. A numerical simulation approach was employed to conduct a systematic analysis of the high-speed oblique water entry process of dual vehicles in both parallel and series arrangements. Methods Using the CFD software Star - CCM+, this study applied the Realizable k - ε turbulence model to solve the Reynolds - averaged equations and integrated overlapping grid technology to accurately capture flow field characteristics. To track cavity evolution, the volume of fluid (VOF) method was combined with the Schnerr - Sauer cavity model. Numerical simulations of the high - speed oblique water entry process for dual vehicles in parallel and series configurations were conducted under various angles of attack and clearance conditions. The research thoroughly analyzed the velocity variation, pressure load distribution, and cavity evolution of the vehicles across these conditions. Results Numerical results show that parallel dual vehicles at 8°–18° exhibit a complete ricochet motion. As the attack angle increases, the ricochet phenomenon is delayed, along with increased cavity outer wall pressure and cavitation intensity. For parallel dual vehicles, at a clearance of 1.2D, significant fusion occurs in the cavities and wakes of the two vehicles. When the clearance increases to 3.2D, cavity evolution resembles that of a single vehicle, improving motion stability and intensifying the ricochet phenomenon. Series dual vehicles with the lead vehicle at 8°–18° can cause ricochet, with the vehicle fully jumping out of the water at 8° and 13°. As the attack angle increases, the cavity morphology transitions from an open, merged, slender cavity to independent cavity development for each vehicle. For series dual vehicles, 35D is a critical clearance value. Beyond this, the interference between the two vehicles significantly weakens. Before 35D, the following vehicle enters the lead vehicle's wake earlier, causing cavity breakup and instability. After 35D, the interference diminishes, the following vehicle encounters a more stable flow field, and the cavity approximates that of a single vehicle entry. Conclusions When dual vehicles enter water at high speeds in different configurations, the flow field and cavity morphology change accordingly. The findings provide theoretical support and practical references for the design and application of supercavitating vehicles.

     

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