Numerical simulation of ice resistance of ship turning in level ice zone considering fluid effects

  Objectives   When polar ships sailing in polar regions, extremely complex ice resistance not only poses structural threats to ships, but also poses new challenges for ship maneuverability, especially when the ship is turning in a level ice zone. In contrast, recent studies have mainly focused on ship-ice interaction with less consideration for the effects of fluids on ice loading.

  Methods  Using the nonlinear finite element method and based on the proper ice material and reasonable coupling failure mode, the complex, strong and nonlinear interaction between ice and ship during turning motion is studied. At the same time, the fluid structure interaction method is used to consider the influence of fluid on ship-ice interaction.

  Results  The validity and reliability of the simulation are determined via the numerical results and empirical formulae. The longitudinal, widthwise and vertical ice resistance of the ship are compared with or without fluid conditions. It is found that the ice load has a noticeable increase in three degrees of freedom when the effects of fluid are considered.

  Conclusions  Considering the influence of fluid on ice resistance in the ship's ice-breaking movement can effectively ensure the safety of the ship and accurately predict the ice resistance when turning.