Influence of external restraint distribution on welding buckling of thin plate butt joint
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摘要:
目的 由于薄板在焊接时极易产生失稳变形，从而影响建造周期、成本及材料使用性能，因此需通过施加外部拘束实现对薄板对接接头焊接失稳变形的控制。 方法 首先，进行外部拘束下的薄板对接焊试验，使用光学面扫描方法测量其焊后面外变形；同时，建立自由状态和外部拘束状态下的有限元模型，使用热弹塑性有限元（TEP FE）方法分析两种状态下薄板对接焊的热力学现象；最后，研究不同外部拘束分布对接头焊接失稳变形的影响，并从纵向塑性应变和纵向收缩力的角度分析其控制焊接失稳变形的原因。 结果 试验对应模型的面外变形结果与测量结果吻合良好，且小于自由状态下的面外变形结果；施加外部拘束使焊缝及其附近金属的纵向塑性应变减小，薄板所受的纵向收缩力减小。 结论 研究结果验证了外部拘束能有效地控制焊接失稳变形，且外部拘束的分布不同对焊接失稳变形的控制效果不同。 Abstract:Objectives It is easy to produce buckling distortion when welding thin plate butt joints, which affects the construction period, cost and performance, but this can be controlled by applying external restraints. Methods First, a butt welding test of a thin plate under external restraints is carried out, and the out-of-plane deformation is measured by the optical surface scanning method. At the same time, finite element (FE) models in a free state and external restraint state are established, and the thermal mechanical phenomena of the two models are subjected to thermal-elastic-plastic FE analysis (TEP FE). The influence of different external restraint distributions on the welding buckling distortion of the joints is then studied, and reasons for controlling welding buckling distortion are analyzed from the perspective of longitudinal plastic strain and longitudinal contraction force. Results The out-of-plane deformation of the corresponding model is in good agreement with the measured results, and milder than the out-of-plane deformation of the model in a free state. When external restraints are applied, the longitudinal plastic strain of the weld and its adjacent metal decreases, and the longitudinal contraction force of the thin plate also decreases. Conclusions The results verify that external restraints can effectively control welding buckling distortion, and the control effects are different depending on the external restraint distribution. -
图 1 焊接试验时薄板上的夹具分布和尺寸示意图
Figure 1. Fixtures arranged on the thin plate and dimensions for welding test
图 2 薄板对接焊后面外变形云图
Figure 2. Out-of-plane deformation contours of thin plate after butt welding
图 3 对接接头焊缝处宏观金相
Figure 3. Macrographic and metallographic inspection of butt welded joint
图 4 外部拘束下薄板的有限元模型
Figure 4. Finite element model of thin plate under external restraint
图 7 两种状态下薄板的面外变形云图
Figure 7. Out-of-plane deformation contours of thin plate under two states
图 9 不同外部拘束分布下薄板的有限元模型图
Figure 9. Finite element model diagram of thin plate under different external restraint distributions
图 10 拘束释放后薄板的面外变形云图
Figure 10. Out-of-plane deformation contours of thin plate after release of restraint
图 11 4种状态下线1的面外变形对比
Figure 11. Out-of-plane deformation comparison of line 1 under four states
图 12 薄板纵向塑性应变分布云图
Figure 12. Distribution contours of longitudinal plastic strain of thin plate
图 13 4种状态下X=160 mm和X=250 mm位置处横截面的纵向塑性应变分布云图
Figure 13. Distribution contours of longitudinal plastic strain of cross-section at X=160 mm and X=250 mm under four states
图 14 两位置处横截面上表面纵向塑性应变对比
Figure 14. Comparison of longitudinal plastic strain on the upper surface of cross-section at two positions
图 15 各个横截面的纵向固有变形分量
Figure 15. Longitudinal inherent deformation component of each cross-section
表 1 薄板对接焊焊接工艺参数
Table 1. Process parameters of thin plate butt welding
工艺 电流/A 电压/V 速度/（mm·min−1） 气流量/（L·min−1） 脉冲/Hz 定位 240 23.9 1 000 20.4 5 单面焊 240 23.9 600 20.4 5 
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表 2 外部拘束分布形式描述
Table 2. Descriptions of external restraint distribution
分布形式 描述 拘束分布1 与薄板对接焊试验外部拘束分布一致 拘束分布2 中间两外部拘束置于薄板中部面外变形最大处 拘束分布3 中间两外部拘束置于中部面外变形最大处的一侧
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表 3 纵向固有变形分量的计算值
Table 3. The calculated values of the longitudinal inherent deformation component
状态 纵向固有收缩/mm 纵向弯曲/rad 纵向收缩力/kN 自由状态 0.15883 0.03155 126.25 拘束分布1 0.11857 0.01506 94.49 拘束分布2 0.10848 0.01418 85.75 拘束分布3 0.11168 0.01469 88.93
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