Numerical evaluation method of lightning rod protection probability
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摘要:
目的 针对传统避雷针防护效能评估方法难以对其防护概率进行高效评估的现状，基于电气几何模型和引雷空间理论发展一种避雷针防护概率数值评估高效算法，实现避雷针对空间任意点防护概率的高效计算。 方法 首先，根据上下行先导的拦截过程确定避雷针与保护物的引雷空间边界；然后，再由雷击距画出受雷曲面与暴露弧，通过分析受雷曲面和暴露弧的不同特征，量化评估避雷针的引雷风险与接闪效能；最后，综合避雷针引雷与防雷两方面特性建立防护概率的数值评估模型。为检验该方法的准确性，分析避雷针防护概率变化的一般规律，并将结果与已有的分析方法进行对比。 结果 结果表明，该方法的评估结果与经典雷电先导发展模型理论的雷击模拟结果相符。 结论 该方法量化程度高，可以实现避雷针对空间任一点防护概率的高效计算，有助于防雷设计工作。 Abstract:Objectives Aiming at the current situation in which it is difficult to efficiently evaluate protection probability through traditional lightning rod evaluation methods, an efficient numerical evaluation algorithm is developed on the basis of an electrogeometric model (EGM) and attractive volume to realize the efficient calculation of lightning protection probability at any point in space. Methods This method first determines the attractive volume boundary of the lightning rod and protection object according to the interception process of the upward and downward leaders. The collection surface and exposure arc of the lightning stroke distance are then calculated, enabling the attractive risk and interception effect of the lightning rod to be quantified. Finally, the attraction and interception characteristics of the lightning rod are integrated to establish a numerical evaluation model of protection probability. To verify the accuracy of this method, the general rule of lightning rod protection probability is analyzed and the results compared with the existing analysis method. Result The evaluation results of this method show good agreement with those of classical leader progression model (LPM) theory. Conclusions The method proposed herein has a high degree of quantification and can realize the efficient calculation of lightning protection probability at any point in space, which can provide useful references for lightning protection design work. -
Key words:
- lightning rod /
- attractive volume /
- protection probability /
- numerical evaluation
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图 1 避雷针的引雷示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of conducting the lightning to the ground via lightning rod
图 3 避雷针在雷击距为Rs时的受雷曲面
Figure 3. Collection surface of lightning rod at the stroke distance of Rs
图 4 避雷针等效暴露面积计算方法
Figure 4. Calculation method of equivalent exposure area of lightning rod
图 5 雷击距小于避雷针高度时的受雷曲面
Figure 5. Collection surface when the stroke distance is less than the height of lightning rod
图 8 避雷针−杆体系统引雷空间与暴露弧
Figure 8. Attractive volume and exposure arc of lightning rod-mast system
图 9 避雷针−杆体系统在不同雷击距下的暴露弧
Figure 9. Exposure arc of lightning rod-mast system with different stroke distances
图 10 避雷针防护概率随针高的变化曲线
Figure 10. Variation of protection probability with the height of lightning rod
图 11 引雷风险随避雷针针高度的变化曲线
Figure 11. Variation of attractive risk with the height of lightning rod
图 12 不同防护效能的避雷针保护范围与RSM和LPM方法对比结果
Figure 12. Protection range of lightning rod with different effectiveness and comparisons with the evaluation results by RSM and LPM
图 14 本文方法与LPM的避雷针防护概率评估结果对比
Figure 14. Comparison of lightning rod protection probability evaluation results obtained by the method in this paper and LPM
表 1 避雷针防护概率评估结果与计算效率
Table 1. Evaluation results and calculation efficiency of lightning rod protection probability
避雷针高度/m LPM 本文方法 防护概率P1/% 平均耗时/min 防护概率P2/% 平均耗时/s 15 75 45 49.79 <1 20 80 45 62.69 <1 25 83 45 76.56 <1 30 85 45 85.93 <1 35 91 45 90.64 <1 40 92 45 92.66 <1 
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