预埋光纤光栅传感器的碳纤维复合材料螺旋桨水下动应变在线测试

雷智洋; 王春旭; 吴崇建; 丁国平; 严小雨

doi:10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.02323

预埋光纤光栅传感器的碳纤维复合材料螺旋桨水下动应变在线测试

doi: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.02323

雷智洋^{1, 2},
王春旭^{1, 2},
吴崇建^{1, 2},
丁国平^3,,
严小雨³

1.
中国舰船研究设计中心，湖北武汉 430064
2.
船舶振动噪声重点实验室，湖北武汉 430064
3.
武汉理工大学机电工程学院，湖北武汉 430070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51775400）

详细信息

作者简介:
雷智洋，男，1990年生，博士生

王春旭，男，1981年生，博士

吴崇建，男，1960年生，博士

丁国平，女，1979年生，博士，教授。研究方向：光纤传感测试

通信作者:
丁国平

中图分类号: U664.33
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-18
- 修回日期: 2021-05-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-31
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-20

Underwater online dynamic strain test of CFRP propeller with embedded FBG sensors

LEI Zhiyang^{1, 2},
WANG Chunxu^{1, 2},
WU Chongjian^{1, 2},
DING Guoping^3
,,
YAN Xiaoyu³

1.
China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan 430064, China
2.
National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration and Noise, Wuhan 430064, China
3.
School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

预埋光纤光栅传感器的碳纤维复合材料螺旋桨水下动应变在线测试由雷智洋，等创作，采用知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议进行许可。

摘要

摘要: 目的碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)螺旋桨具有轻质高强、低振动、低噪音、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳等优势。为了准确获知CFRP螺旋桨桨叶在水动力载荷下的变形和应变，提出一种水下运转状态下CFRP螺旋桨动应变在线测试方法。方法将光纤光栅(FBG)传感器预埋于CFRP螺旋桨，搭建CFRP螺旋桨水下动应变测试系统，设置2类测试工况：进速为0 m/s，转速从50~400 r/min依次增加；转速保持427 r/min不变，进速从0~1.6 m/s依次增加。通过FBG传感器采集上述2类工况下CFRP螺旋桨的动应变数据，对动应变数据进行时域和频谱分析。结果结果表明，CFRP螺旋桨上各测点的动应变特征频率一致，且与转速相关；各测点的动应变峰值取决于测点位置，即螺旋桨的结构力学特征。结论实现了CFRP螺旋桨在水下运转状态下的动应变在线测试，测试结果合理可靠，可为CFRP螺旋桨的理论设计和分析提供重要的实证依据，对研究螺旋桨振动噪声和水动力性能具有重要意义。
- 预埋光纤光栅传感器 /
- 碳纤维复合材料螺旋桨 /
- 动应变 /
- 水下在线测试
Abstract: Objective The carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) propeller has such advantages as light weight, high strength, low vibration, low noise, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance. In order to accurately ascertain the deformation and strain of CFRP propeller blades under hydrodynamic load, this paper proposes an online measurement method for CFRP propeller dynamic strain under submerged operation conditions. Method Fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensors are embedded in a CFRP propeller, and an underwater dynamic strain test system is built. Two types of test conditions are set: (1) the velocity is 0 m/s, and the rotation speed increases from 50 to 400 r/min; and (2) the rotation speed is 427 r/min, and the velocity increases from 0.0 to 1.6 m/s. The dynamic strain data of the CFRP propeller under the above conditions is obtained by the FBG sensors and analyzed in the time and spectrum domains. Results The results show that, the dynamic strain frequencies of each FBG sensor on the CFRP propeller are the same and related to the rotation speed, while the dynamic strain amplitude of each FBG sensor has no obvious relationship with the rotation speed or velocity, but depends on the position of the sensor, which reflects the structural mechanics features of the propeller. Conclusion The underwater online dynamic strain test of the CFRP propeller is realized, and test results are reasonable and reliable. This provides an important empirical basis for the theoretical design and analysis of the CFRP propeller, which is of great significance for the study of its vibration noise and hydrodynamic performance.
- embedded fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensors /
- carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) propeller /
- dynamic strain /
- underwater online test

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图 1 金属-CFRP桨叶结构

Figure 1. Metal−CFRP blade

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图 2 光纤光栅传感原理

Figure 2. FBG sensing principle

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图 3 光纤光栅的波分复用技术原理图

Figure 3. FBG wavelength-division multiplexing principle

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图 4 桨叶内预埋FBG传感器位置示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the position of the FBG sensor in the blade

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图 5 FBG传感器中心波长及间距

Figure 5. Center wavelength and distance of FBG sensors

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图 6 预埋FBG传感器的CFRP螺旋桨

Figure 6. CFRP propeller with embedded FBG sensors

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图 7 CFRP螺旋桨水下动应变测试系统示意图

Figure 7. Scheme of CFRP propeller underwater strain measurement system

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图 8 CFRP螺旋桨水下动应变在线测试系统

Figure 8. CFRP propeller underwater strain measurement system

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图 9 CFRP螺旋桨水下动应变在线测试

Figure 9. CFRP propeller underwater strain online measurement

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图 10 不同转速下预埋FBG传感器的应变曲线

Figure 10. Embedded FBG sensors strain curves with different rotation speed

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图 11 不同进速下预埋FBG传感器的应变曲线

Figure 11. Embedded FBG sensors strain with different velocity

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图 12 CFRP螺旋桨的敞水特性曲线（n=427 r/min）

Figure 12. Open water character of CFRP propeller (n=427 r/min)

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图 13 CFRP螺旋桨与金属螺旋桨敞水特性比较

Figure 13. Comparison of open water character between CFRP propeller and metal propeller

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表 1 CFRP螺旋桨主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of CFRP propeller

名称	数值
桨直径/ mm	240
桨叶数 /片	5
毂径比	0.175
盘面比	0.8
桨叶侧斜角/(°)	24.50
桨叶总纵倾角/(°)	8

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表 2 不同转速下CFRP螺旋桨应变特征频率与峰值

Table 2. Frequency and amplitude of strain with different speeds

r/(r·min⁻¹)	APF/Hz	应变特征频率/Hz			应变峰值/10⁻⁶
r/(r·min⁻¹)	APF/Hz	FBG2-1	FBG2-2	FBG2-3	FBG2-1	FBG2-2	FBG2-3
50	0.833	1.636	1.636	1.636	9.450	17.170	7.011
100	1.667	3.339	3.339	3.339	9.121	16.046	6.564
150	2.500	4.968	4.968	4.968	10.096	17.974	7.205
200	3.333	6.645	6.645	6.645	9.063	15.140	6.557
250	4.167	8.333	8.333	8.333	8.823	14.213	6.367
300	5.000	10.05	10.05	10.05	10.196	17.080	7.962
350	5.833	11.66	11.66	11.66	10.084	17.067	7.833
400	6.667	13.33	13.33	13.33	7.206	14.018	7.104

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表 3 不同进速下CFRP螺旋桨应变特征频率与峰值

Table 3. Frequencies and amplitude of strain with different velocities

v/（m·s⁻¹）	应变特征频率/Hz			应变峰值/10⁻⁶
v/（m·s⁻¹）	FBG2-1	FBG2-2	FBG2-3	FBG2-1	FBG2-2	FBG2-3
0.0	14.2	14.2	14.2	7.124	12.93	6.734
0.2	14.2	14.2	14.2	8.513	12.52	6.822
0.4	14.2	14.2	14.2	8.485	13.50	6.736
0.6	14.2	14.2	14.2	8.218	12.66	6.669
0.8	14.2	14.2	14.2	7.856	13.74	6.811
1.0	14.2	14.2	14.2	7.794	13.06	6.595
1.2	14.2	14.2	14.2	8.752	13.14	6.585
1.4	14.2	14.2	14.2	8.56	13.17	6.760
1.6	14.2	14.2	14.2	7.841	12.05	6.835

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