静压下考虑腔压的吸声覆盖层吸声性能分析

董文凯; 陈美霞

doi:10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.02186

静压下考虑腔压的吸声覆盖层吸声性能分析

doi: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.02186

董文凯,
陈美霞^,

华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51779098，52071152）

详细信息

作者简介:
董文凯，男，1998年生，硕士生。研究方向：结构振动与噪声控制。E-mail：912782749@qq.com

陈美霞，女，1975年生，博士，教授。研究方向：结构振动与噪声控制。E-mail：chenmx26@163.com

通信作者:
陈美霞

中图分类号: U661.44
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-17
- 修回日期: 2021-02-07
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-02

Sound absorption performance analysis of anechoic coating under hydrostatic pressure considering cavity pressure

DONG Wenkai,
CHEN Meixia^,

School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

静压下考虑腔压的吸声覆盖层吸声性能分析由董文凯，等创作，采用知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议进行许可。

摘要

摘要: 目的潜艇外壳表面敷设的水下吸声覆盖层在高静水压力作用挤压后的形状、材料参数都会发生改变，使吸声性能受到较大影响，故研究此影响对于潜艇声隐身性具有重要意义。方法考虑空腔内压力对静压下覆盖层形变的作用及吸声性能的影响，基于轴对称有限元仿真，计算含圆柱形空腔水下吸声覆盖层的单胞变形；将形变量导入吸声覆盖层的一维理论模型，得到覆盖层的理论吸声系数曲线；利用形变后的几何模型开展声−固耦合对比分析，验证理论解析与数值仿真两种方法求解吸声系数的有效性。结果结果表明，不考虑材料参数变化，在静压下吸声覆盖层发生了单胞轴向和空腔径向收缩，吸声系数曲线向高频移动，腔压抵抗了静压下的收缩，减弱了曲线向高频移动的趋势，而吸声曲线上出现的尖锐谷值则为激起的腔内空气声腔模态所致。结论研究结果对于静压下吸声覆盖层吸声性能的预报具有一定的参考价值。
- 吸声覆盖层 /
- 空腔 /
- 吸声系数 /
- 静水压力 /
- 声腔模态
Abstract: Objectives An underwater anechoic coating layer laid on the hull surface of a submarine is squeezed under the action of high hydrostatic pressure, changing its shape and material parameters, which has a great impact on sound absorption performance. Therefore, studying the sound absorption performance of underwater anechoic coating layers under high hydrostatic pressure is of great significance for the stealth performance of submarines. Methods Considering the effects of cavity pressure on deformation and sound absorption performance of the annechoic coating layer under hydrostatic pressure, this paper uses axisymmetric finite element simulation to calculate the deformation of single cell with a cylindrical cavity, and the sound absorption coefficient curve is then obtained by converting the deformations into one-dimensional theoretical model. After that, structural-acoustic coupling analysis with the geometric model after deformation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of theorectical and numerical approaches for soloving the sound absorption coefficient. Results The results indicate that, without considering the changes of material parameters, the unit cells of the layer shrink axially and the cavity shrinks radially under hydrostatic pressure, while the sound absorption curve moves towards high frequency. The air pressure inside the cavity resists contraction under the action of hydrostatic pressure, weakening the trend of moving to high frequency. The sharp valley in the sound absorption curve is caused by the excitation of cavity mode. Conclusions The results of this study can provide valuable references for predicting the sound absorption performance of an anechoic coating layer under hydrostatic pressure.
- anechoic coating /
- cavity /
- absorption coefficient /
- hydrostatic pressure /
- cavity mode

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图 1 水下吸声覆盖层单元结构图

Figure 1. Structural diagram of anechoic coating layer unit

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图 2 吸声覆盖层单元等效图

Figure 2. Equivalent diagram of anechoic coating layer unit

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图 3 静压下吸声覆盖层吸声系数的计算流程图

Figure 3. Flowchart of sound absorption coefficient calculation for anechoic coating layer under hydrostatic pressure

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图 4 均匀圆柱形管段示意图

Figure 4. Illustration of uniform cylindrical cavity section

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图 5 渐变腔等效为多层介质及传递矩阵法示意图

Figure 5. Illustration of transition cavity equivalent to multilayer medium and transfer matrix method

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图 6 运用COMSOL计算静压下吸声覆盖层单元形变示意图

Figure 6. COMSOL calculation of deformation of anechoic coating unit cell under hydrostatic pressure

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图 7 吸声覆盖层单元的三维和二维轴对称有限元模型

Figure 7. Three and two-dimensional axi-symmetric finite element models of anechoic coating unit cell

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图 8 两种模型与文献[13]关于吸声覆盖层单元吸声系数对比

Figure 8. Sound absorption coefficient comparison of anechoic coating unit calculated by the two models with ref. [13]

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图 9 吸声覆盖层单元几何图

Figure 9. Geometric illustration of anechoic coating unit cell

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图 10 不考虑腔内压力时不同静压下含空腔吸声覆盖层的形变

Figure 10. Deformation of anechoic coating layer under different hydrostatic pressures without considering cavity pressure

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图 11 不同静水压下吸声覆盖层吸声系数

Figure 11. Sound absorption coefficients of anechoic coating layer under different hydrostatic pressures

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图 12 不同静压下考虑/无腔压的吸声覆盖层吸声系数对比

Figure 12. Comparison of sound absorption coefficients of anechoic coating layer with and without considering cavity pressure under different hydrostatic pressures

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图 13 空腔中有/无空气的吸声覆盖层吸声系数对比

Figure 13. Comparison of sound absorption coefficient of anechoic coating layer with and without air in cavity

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表 1 吸声覆盖层单元几何尺寸

Table 1. Geometric dimensions of anechoic coating unit cell

尺寸	数值
覆盖层长度l_a/mm	50
空腔长度l_b/mm	40
空腔外径r_a/mm	8.4
空腔内径r_b/mm	2.1

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表 2 吸声覆盖层橡胶材料参数

Table 2. Rubber material parameters of anechoic coating

参数	数值
参数	静态	动态
杨氏模量/Pa	8.9e6	8.9e6+2.3e3f−0.01f ²
泊松比	0.496	0.496
损耗因子	−	0.2+1.2e−4f−8.2e−9f ²
密度/(kg·m⁻³)	900	900

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表 3 不同静压下腔体声腔模态频率和吸声第1及第2谷值频率

Table 3. The cavity modal frequency and the 1st and 2nd valley frequencies of sound absorption under different hydrostatic pressures

参数	静压/MPa
参数	0	0.5	1.5	2.5
空腔长度l_b/mm	40.0	39.4	38.3	37.2
f₁₀模态频率/Hz	4 287.50	4 348.53	4 474.81	4 606.64
第1谷值频率/Hz	4 281	4 320	4 398	4 478
f₂₀模态频率/Hz	8 575.00	8 697.06	8 949.63	9 213.28
第2谷值频率/Hz	8 561	8 654	8 820	8 992

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参考文献(13)

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