Ergonomic evaluation model of operational room based on team performance
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摘要:
目的 为了开展多任务作战舱室战位布置设计方案的工效评价研究, 方法 提出一种在设计阶段可实施的布置方案工效预测和评价方法,结合人的模糊认知特性以及多通道资源理论,考虑作战舱室战位间的沟通频率、距离、角度、战位对作战使用的重要隶属度等因素,从通道资源占用或付出努力对工作负荷的影响出发,对通过各因素进行归一化处理后,提出一种基于团队绩效的工效评价理论计算模型。通过开展仿真模拟的团队作业实验,测量团队任务完成时间及完成正确率等指标,并与模型计算的布置方案所支持的团队绩效理论值进行对比分析, 结果 试验结果验证了理论模型的有效性,并能够用于多种作战舱室战位布置设计方案的预测和工效评价。 结论 结果表明该模型可为作战舱室战位布置设计方案的工效评价、优选和优化设计提供一种新的方法与理论基础。 Abstract: A theoretical calculation model based on the ergonomic evaluation of team performance was proposed in order to carry out the ergonomic evaluation of the layout design schemes of the action station in a multitasking operational room. This model was constructed in order to calculate and compare the theoretical value of team performance in multiple layout schemes by considering such substantial influential factors as frequency of communication, distance, angle, importance, human cognitive characteristics and so on. An experiment was finally conducted to verify the proposed model under the criteria of completion time and accuracy rating. As illustrated by the experiment results, the proposed approach is conductive to the prediction and ergonomic evaluation of the layout design schemes of the action station during early design stages, and provides a new theoretical method for the ergonomic evaluation, selection and optimization design of layout design schemes.-
Key words:
- operational room /
- action station layout /
- ergonomic evaluation /
- team performance
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表 1 作战舱室各战位间的沟通频率
Table 1. Communication frequency between action stations in operational room
战位 战位 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 - 1 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.3 2 1 - 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.8 3 0.9 0.4 - 0.9 0.8 0.2 4 0.3 0.8 0.9 - 0.2 0.8 5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.2 - 0.5 6 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.5 - 表 2 作战舱室战位功能的重要隶属度及使用频率
Table 2. Importance and using frequency of action stations in operational room
战位 重要隶属度 使用频率 对共享大屏幕的需求程度 1 0.95 1 1 2 1 0.95 1 3 0.3 0.8 0.2 4 0.3 0.8 0.2 5 0.7 0.7 0.6 6 0.6 0.7 0.6 表 3 一组典型团队决策任务内容
Table 3. A typical group of team tasks
战位个人
显示屏任务内容 战位1:
决策战位汇总舰艇危险指数+公共舰艇危险指数+战位2的数据+战位3的数据+战位4的数据+战位6的数据,做出决策 战位2:
报告战位将舰艇危险指数+公共舰艇危险指数报告给战位6;将舰艇危险指数+战位4的数据报告给战位1 战位3:
报告战位将舰艇危险指数+公共舰艇危险指数+战位4的数据+战位5的数据报告给战位1 战位4:
报告战位将舰艇危险指数报告给战位2和战位3;将舰艇危险指数+战位6的数据报告给战位1 战位5:
报告战位将战位6的数据报告给战位3 战位6:
报告战位将舰艇危险指数+公共舰艇危险指数报告给战位4和战位5;将舰艇危险指数+战位2的数据报告给战位1 表 4 团队绩效模型理论计算值及实验统计结果
Table 4. heoretical calculations of team performance model and experimental statistic results
设计布置方案 团队绩效模型理论计算值 实验统计结果 任务完成时间/s 计算正确率/% 任务完成正确率/% 工作负荷分值 方案A 0.53 63.73±16.30 69±47 98±13 9.75±2.82 方案B 0.97 55.80±13.98 70±46 96±20 9.37±3.28 -
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